Recently, over 90,000 American men, women, and children...

Recently, over 90,000 American men, women, and children are waiting for new kidneys. However, only about 16,500 kidneys were donated for transplant operations to be performed. These show that quite simple high demand and low supplies. According to the Professor Mcnaught’s lecture, the cost of a kidney transplant runs about $250,000 and its bill goes up to $70,000 annually. Dialysis is even becoming more expensive and price-inelastic. To solve this high demand and low supplies situation that causes people die while they are waiting for organ donators, we have to find a way to increase the supply of organs that could reduce waiting times and deaths. The most effective way will be to provide compensation for organ donators; in other words, we†¦show more content†¦As a result, only 16,000 transplants are done a year when 5,000 people die at the same time. This is a basic example of shortage and excess demand. Therefore, allowing prices to rise will simply fix this. As the kidneys’ market price rise up, many people who are suffering financial issues will be selling their kidneys, and this will lower the excessive demand in this market. Moreover, higher price will set the equilibrium price eventually. In Iran, government is allowing open purchase and sale of organs. Some evidences from Iran show that the average price of kidneys is about $4,000. As expected, allowing open market decreased that waiting times to get kidneys enormously. In United States of America, the estimated price would be 15,000 because we have 4 times larger capita income than Iran has. By setting a reasonable price, the number of people on dialysis will decrease dramatically and deaths by waiting for organs to be donated would decrease dramatically either. On the other side, the idea of allowing open organ market has strongly opposed by some transplant surgeons and other doctors. They claimed that selling or paying for organs is ineffective. Also, they argued that this is a n immoral way solve the problem because it involves the sale of body parts and that the main donators will be poor people who needed money desperately and regret their decision. Basically, critics are saying that sale of organs is repugnant. Although some people are arguing thatShow MoreRelatedMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesI 111TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. R. 3962 To provide affordable, quality health care for all Americans and reduce the growth in health care spending, and for other purposes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OCTOBER 29, 2009 Mr. DINGELL (for himself, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. GEORGE MILLER of California, Mr. STARK, Mr. PALLONE, and Mr. ANDREWS) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committees on Education

Theology of Missions Free Essays

The Bible chronicles mans fall from what God created him to be, and God’s desire to restore a sinful man unto Himself through missions. Even though man was originally made perfectly in the image of God, man would eventually succumb to his free will and his own selfish desires. Once man allowed evil into his heart, fellowship with God was broken, along with His heart. We will write a custom essay sample on Theology of Missions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through His sovereign grace and mercy, God seeks to restore order to His earthly kingdom. We find God’s plan and outline in the pages of His word as He makes a way for man to be redeemed from the chains of sin.The awesomeness of the situation is that God allows us to be part of the mission to reach out and share the Gospel to a lost and dying world. Ultimately, the mission of God finds its fulfillment in man’s worship and service to God in His kingdom. In order to understand the scope and goal of missions, it must first be defined. Moreau, Corwin, and McGee, introduce â€Å"missions† as â€Å"the word used for the specific task of making disciples of all nations. It is seen through the work of mission agencies, churches, and missionaries around the world. Missions could be looked at as the broad action reflected from its root, mission. The word mission then, â€Å"refers to everything the church does that points toward the kingdom of God. † George Peters explains the mission as the, â€Å"biblical assignment of the church that encompass the upward, inward and outward ministries of the church.It is the church as sent in this world. † The church accomplishes the mission by sending representative messengers known as missionaries â€Å"with a message from God, sent forth by divine authority for the definite purpose of evangelism, church-founding, and church edification. In an attempt at reaching the world and spreading the Gospel, today’s church uses missionaries to personally touch lives in a way that the church as a body cannot. The foundation for missions has been laid by God Himself and is strengthened by His constant desire for man to accept His offering of His Son as a means to be reborn. Jesus was sent as a missionary to the world and gave a heavenly touch to a sinful man, as only a King could do. The Holy Spirit would also come and be the agent of change that confirmed the teachings of Jesus.Missions rely on the Holy Spirit to â€Å"pave the way for evangelistic fruit by means of his invisible work in the hearts of people around the world. It is the Spirit who guides the church in all truth and in its missionary labors. He works inside the human heart, empowering Christians for witness, motivating them to witness and giving them words to say. † The fact that God has gone to such great lengths to give man the opportunity to restore our relationship with Him, proves the need to go and tell others that we do not have to be doomed to eternity in hell.God’s nature and will is revealed through the scriptures and we will attempt to touch on just a portion of His revelation in order to understand the theology of missions. Missions reflected in the Old Testament As mentioned before, the Old Testament begins with God’s perfect creation and the fall of man into a sinful state. With the defeat of Satan behind Him, God moved toward restoring His earthly kingdom through man. Quite some time would pass before God called out Abram in (Genesis 12:1-3). The Lord had said to Abram, â€Å"Go from your country, your people and your father’s household to the land I will show you. I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great and you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you. † With this calling, it was evident that God was calling and raising up a people to carry his plan of redemption and restoration to the world. The blessings that God placed on Abram and his descendants meant that â€Å"they were to be missionaries and channels of the truth from the very beginning. While Abram and his family experienced personal blessings, they also had blessings to take a share with the gentiles. Abram would soon come to be known as the father of a multitude and his name was changed to Abraham. Thanks to a miracle that only God could do, Abraham had a son named Isaac. Isaac went on to father a son named Jacob whose name would be changed to Israel, for prince of God. The passages of Exodus reveal God’s desire and plan for missions as He declares that the nation of Israel was to be a holy nation and a kingdom of priests. Upon His deliverance ofIsrael, God would require that they worship Him by being His hands and feet to the world. Israel’s actions and reflections of Abraham’s blessing would become its mission of continuation. The Old Testament carries the torch of missions mainly through God’s design for Israel as evidenced by the prophet Isaiah, â€Å"I will also make you a light for the Gentiles, that my salvation may reach to the ends of the earth† (Isa 49. 6). The blessings upon Israel were to be a sign to all nations to be saved as God’s chosen people were set apart to be a testimony of His longing for redemption and restoration.G. Christian Weiss writes, â€Å"It is declared in the Old Testament that this boundless, wondrous love of God extends to all humanity. It reaches far beyond the boundaries of the people of Israel and embraces all the children of Adam’s race. † Missions reflected in the New Testament With the introduction of the New Testament, God would soon reveal His desire to use the church to fulfill His mission. Because of Israel’s disobedience toward God, it was necessary for Him to raise up a church from Jews and Gentiles as a witness to the world.The day of Pentecost in Acts would be the day that the Holy Spirit would breathe life into the church in order for it evangelize the world. The mission of the church had now been defined. As Jesus ministered abroad with His disciples, He commanded that they go into the world and make disciples of all nations. This command is recorded throughout five books of the New Testament (Matt 28:16-20; Mark 16:14-18; Luke 24:46-48; John 20:21; Acts 1:8). This task of making disciples is the church’s work of missions. Now that the role of Israel has been passed on to the New Testament believer, we are all missionaries to the world.Carrying the label of ambassadors for Christ we are to carry the Gospel to the world and encourage them to â€Å"be reconciled to God† (2 Cor 5:20). â€Å"This is God’s decreed method and plan of salvation: His Son was sent to be the world’s sin-bearer, and His servants are sent to tell the world the story. He has no other agency, no other means for world evangelization, except human instruments- men, women, and children who have themselves been redeemed through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. † Paul’s missionary journeys showed the urgency of getting the Gospel out and how the church aided in this process. The church produced missionaries out of its growth and maturity and also served as a support to missionaries already on the field. Much of what is done today to reach the lost has already been done centuries ago by the early church but there is still much to learn from what they sacrificed to reach out to a lost and dying world. A God view of missions Now that we have a small understanding of missions throughout God’s word and His desire to use the saved to carry the Gospel to the world; what drives God to offer restoration to a sinful world.The love of God for His creation can be the only reason that He seeks to share the remedy for sins sickness. Christopher J. H. Wright gives an honest look into the heart of God and His mission when he writes, â€Å"It is not only the salvation of human beings but also the redemption of the whole creation. God is establishing a new creation through the transformation and renewal of creation in a manner analogous to the resurrection of His Son, and as a habitation for the resurrection bodies of his redeemed people. As God’s desire to restore His creation progresses, the church has become the means by which we proclaim the power of salvation and the coming kingdom. One day, those who have accepted His offer will reign with Him and experience the return of the earth to what it was created to be; His kingdom. Mission theology’s common thread When we look across missions and it implications as a river, there is an obvious source and a destination. Even though a river may not take the most direct route, it will however eventually get there.Another characteristic of a river that is interesting is the fact that it’s height and width is ever changing as it makes its way through various terrain. Like a river, missions has a source that comes from God and His desire to resto re man. The living water of Jesus is then motivated downstream by the Holy Spirit and the church toward a lost and dying world. This water may have to endure diversion or being squeezed down to a trickle and perhaps this is where missionaries fill their buckets in order to take this living water to those who are thirsty.We can see this picture throughout other areas of theology as God involves the trinity, the church and man to accomplish His will. The book of Acts gives us great examples of the Holy Spirit and the church and His empowerment towards missions. Three Directives of the Great Commission With the command of the Great Commission the mission is clear. A former pastor echoed a great mission statement for years that really helps to give the Great Commission some modern day traction.Almost every sermon that he preached he would at some point shout, â€Å"Reach ‘em and Teach ‘em; then Teach ‘em to Reach ‘em. † This mindset can pave the way for the three directives of the Great Commission to be accomplished as its goal. 1. Make disciples, a follower of Christ. a. Disciples are those who gladly follow His word. b. A follower of a religious leader. c. New Testament, a follower of Christ. d. A disciple is a follower who enjoys a peculiar intimate relationship with Christ. e. Takes on mannerisms of Christ. (Christ-like) f. One who becomes an imitator of Christ. How strong is this tie? To the shedding of blood. The disciple can expect persecution. The world will not love those who love Christ. 2. Baptize those who believe. A public ceremony showing a public profession of what Christ has done for you. Signified admission into the organized body of believers though the burial of the old self and the resurrecting into new life. 3. Teach them to observe. a. Indicates a definite body of truth or doctrine. The Bible is a book of doctrine, body of truth, New Testament.Believe what it believes and teach what it teaches. b. The knowledge which together with its application to daily living is essential to a life that is well pleasing to God. You must be taught before you can apply. c. The church is pivotal in the provision of teaching and knowledge. It must seek to aid in daily spiritual growth and maturity through discipleship. Effects on ministries The implications and effects that missions can have on ministries is great. There is much within missions that could and should already be associated with many ministries of today’s church.No matter the ministry, missions can be injected in some way, shape, or form. Ultimately, if ministries of the church are missions minded, this will be the goal and the definitive answer to whether it was effective or not. With missions as the mindset, there will be a sense of urgency towards growing disciples to effectively carry out the gift of Jesus Christ to the world. Conclusion If we view the church as in the world, we must see that our purpose is evangelism. This is why our Lord has left us here – to take the message of the Gospel to the world.We are here to be a light and a voice for Christ. These are the â€Å"marching orders† our Lord left us before His ascension (2 Peter 3:9). This is the duty of every Christian individually and of the church collectively – â€Å"Go, and make disciples. † Hence, our individual and collective evangelistic efforts, our support of missionaries, and furtherance of the Gospel.Bibliography Kaiser, Walter C. â€Å"Israel’s Missionary Call† in Perspectives on the World Christian Movement: A Reader: Pasadena, CA: William Cary Library, 4th Edition, 2009. Moreau, Scott A. ; Corwin, Gary R. McGee, Gary B. Introducing World Missions: A Biblical, Historical, and Practical Survey. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2004. Peters, George W. A Biblical Theology of Missions. Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1972. Piper, John. Let the Nations Be Glad! The Supremacy of God In Missions: Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1993. Weiss, G. Christian. The Heart of Missionary Theology. Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1976. Wright, Christopher J. H. â€Å"Mission and God’s Earth† in Perspectives on the World Christian Movement: A Reader: Pasadena, CA: William Cary Library, 4th Edition, 2009. How to cite Theology of Missions, Papers

Evaluation of George Orwells 1984 Essay Example For Students

Evaluation of George Orwells 1984 Essay 1984 is a remarkable futuristic novel by George Orwell about how life would be under an oligarchic regime. Northern stage, a local acting group, performed it. George Orwell wrote the stunning play in 1948. He based the play on how he thought life would be like in 1984 and how a strict association would rule it. He thought everyone would be the same, act the same and have to be dressed the same and they were to show no emotion towards each other. Northern stage went to Moscow to produce a film; parts of this film were played on the big screens to make the play more realistic and to give the viewer a better understanding of the play. Winston is the hero of the group who does not fit the others and you can see the difference from the start. He tries to rebel against Big Brother. Big Brother is the thing that is watching their every movement hence there is no privacy. Winston dreams of better places which is strictly not allowed. He meets a love called Julia and turns her against Big Brother too. They are found out when they try to beat Big Brother and they are tortured until they learn to love big brother and will follow its ways. 2 + 2 = 5 = I love big brother. 2 + 2 = 4 = I hate big brother. This shows that they are not allowed to think their own thing. The set of the play was very simple but extremely effective. There were two large white screens, which stayed on the set the whole time. This was very good as it meant that they did not have to hurry and change the set in between scenes. They changed positions for different scenes. They were plain white so your attention wasnt on them but they divided up the stage when needed. See diagram 1 They also had to be white or a light colour to suit the neutral colouring of the characters clothes and so that the film could be projected on to them. The characters wore simple clothing; brown overalls and the women wore a red sash around their waists. These clothes showed that they were no one important and the brown was a dismal colour to represent their monotonous lives and lack off identity. They made sharp simple movements to emphasise their strict regime. At some points in the play they remained still e.g. when the film was on in the background. This showed how they listened to the rules and lived by them. The lighting was plain white lights, which they flashed when there was danger e.g. when Julia and Winston got caught. Again these simple lights showed the simple life style they were leading and how neutral everything was. Big Brother was not shown as such. It was a notion felt by the characters. The big screens sometimes showed what Big Brother  was watching. This was effective and was a good way of saying that Big Brother is watching you. We were left in doubt as to who was who. Everyone moved in a regimented way apart from Winston, the rebel. He moved how he liked and spoke how he liked which showed that he didnt care about the rules. He used a different tone of voice than the others. The others all spoke in a way that showed they were no one. They sounded like robots, whereas Winston spoke with a carefree attitude to show that he didnt want to live by the rules set. At various points in the play he showed his emotion in the way he spoke. They were not allowed to have any emotions so again this showed how much he hated Big Brother. .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 , .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 .postImageUrl , .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 , .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782:hover , .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782:visited , .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782:active { border:0!important; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782:active , .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782 .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua11406c6217f035db5960b910dc79782:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Camouflage With The Rebels EssayThey music and sound effects used set the scene in a way. There were sudden bangs when needed and whenever Big Brother came on it had the same music. They also played the same music when any people with authority came on the scene. E.g. OBrien. This showed their status and that they will always be there. The torture scene was very effective. Mumbled cries and indistinct murmurs were heard while enlarged images of Winston being beaten appeared disturbing. Winston hated rats and so when he was being tortured at the end they played sounds of rats squeaking which added character to the end. They introduced different levels by using the screens to stand on the back of. The shop owner Mr Charrington stood up there, which showed his authority over Winston. Also at the end when they were torturing Winston, he was lying in a box and the man was standing over him. This showed how the man had won. See diagram 2

Shakespeares Hamlet Through a Historical Lens free essay sample

Writing is largely the product of an author’s desire to say something, to tell a story, or to simply entertain an audience; but it is also a product of the time in history in which it was written, and thus shaped by the standards, expectations, attitudes, limitations, and events of the day. One could read Hamlet merely as a revenge tragedy: Hamlet’s father, the king of Denmark, is killed by his brother, Claudius, who, as a result, arrogates not only the crown, but also his departed brother’s wife, Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude. The ghost of the deceased king reveals the circumstances of his death to his son, leaving Hamlet with a sense of obligation to avenge the murder, the usurpation, and the adultery. In the end, Hamlet does exact revenge by killing Claudius. This leads many to view Hamlet primarily as a revenge tragedy, but it is actually more enlightening as a topical history; in fact, J. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeares Hamlet Through a Historical Lens or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dover Wilson, a scholar of Renaissance drama, particularly on the work of William Shakespeare, regards Hamlet as â€Å"the most topical play in the whole corpus† (Rowse 188). Hamlet markedly relates to the era in which it was written. William Shakespeare was born in England in 1564, just eight years after Queen Elizabeth I came into power. Queen Elizabeth’s reign lasted for 45 years, a period in which Shakespeare wrote the vast majority of his plays, including Hamlet, which was written sometime between 1599 and 1602. This was a time of great political instability and turmoil for Queen Elizabeth due to a failed assassination attempt, a failed uprising, and a failed invasion attempt. Shakespeare’s plays were written not only to entertain the lowly masses, but also to appease royal censorship and appease the queen. The protagonist in Hamlet is portrayed as a diplomat and a lover rather than a fighter, possibly to please Elizabeth, who embodied these new modern qualities. Furthermore, Shakespeare may have included the murder of a monarch, a country in crisis, and the threat of invasion in Hamlet in an attempt to arouse sympathy and provide a storyline that would truly resonate with audience members. The Elizabethan era in England was a time of dramatic change, which is exemplified in Hamlet. â€Å"During Elizabeth’s reign, England experienced a cultural renaissance† (Spielvogel 373). The mindset of the English was changing from medieval, feudal ideas to a more modern, diplomatic way of thinking, which involved a craving for knowledge and proof. Hamlet personifies this revolution by seeking proof of Claudius’s guilt rather than opting for the feudal option of immediate revenge. The shift in thinking in Elizabethan England was also religious, which is represented in Hamlet as well. â€Å"In Elizabethan times, there was a different way of looking at life. People, including Shakespeare believed in a Divine Order, or Great Chain of Being. The Divine Order was the belief that everything in the universe has a specific place and rank in order of their perceived importance and spiritual nature† (Mularski). This natural order was extremely important to Elizabethans. This logic could be used to explain the chaos that ensues as a result of the king’s murder. In the natural order within society, a man such as Old Hamlet was considered closer to god since he was of noble birth, and the assassination of a man of such rank upsets the universe’s balance. It is even noted by Marcellus that â€Å"something is rotten in the state of Denmark† after Hamlet follows the ghost of his father (1. 5. 100). During the creation of Hamlet, a conflict between Elizabethan playwrights, known as the War of the Theatres, was taking place. It covered a period when one of the playwrights was writing for a children’s company of players and the other was writing for another, rival group. The conflict was certainly sharpened by the intense competition that existed between children’s companies at the time. This is a prime example of how knowledge of the historical context of Hamlet can enrich the reading experience and give a reader insights into certain passages that other readers may not have. In this case, a conversation in Hamlet between Rosencrantz and Guildenstern alludes to the War of the Theaters: Rosencrantz: Faith, there has been much to do on both sides; and the nation holds it no sin to tar them to controversy: there was, for a while, no money bid for argument unless the poet and the player went to cuffs in the question.

Are there more stomata per mm2 on old leaves or young leaves Essays

Are there more stomata per mm2 on old leaves or young leaves Essays Are there more stomata per mm2 on old leaves or young leaves Essay Are there more stomata per mm2 on old leaves or young leaves Essay I will take some old leaves and some young leaves. I aim to use three of each. I think this is a realistic amount to use because it is a slow process. The leaves I will use will be from a cherry laurel bush (prunus laurocerasus). I will know which leaves are young and which are old by their colour and size. Young leaves are small and a lighter green. Old leaves are larger, and a darker green. First, I will clean the leaf, to remove dust and dirt. Then I will paint 1cm2 of clear nail-varnish on the underside of the leaf, because that is where the stomata are. I will paint the nail-varnish to one side of the mid-rib, but not too near the edge.I will then leave it to dry, while I measure the size of the microscopes field of view, on medium power. To do this, I will use the graticule to measure its diameter, then divide this in half to find the radius. Then I will use the radius measurement in the formula ?r2 to work out the area of the field of view. When the nai l-varnish is fully dry, I will carefully peel it off with a pair of forceps, and place it on a slide the same way up as it was on the leaf. Then I will look at it under the microscope. It will be a perfect imprint of the underside of the leaf. I will count the number of stomata I can see in the field of view, and use the area of the field of view to work out how many stomata there are per mm2. I will repeat this process with all of the leaves.Controls and variablesThe only variable in my experiment will be the age of the leaf. I will try to ensure that all the other conditions remain the same.* I will make sure that all the young leaves are the same size, and all the old leaves are the same size. This will mean that there will not be a range of ages.* I will put the nail varnish on the same part of the leaf, as the number of stomata may vary, according to where they are on the leaf.* I will keep the same nail varnish at the same thickness, so they all peel off in the same way.* I wi ll always use the same magnification medium power, so that the field of view will remain constant.* I will choose leaves from the same side of the same bush, so that all the leaves will have developed in the same conditions.* I will not distort the nail-varnish peel by pressing down on it, changing the results.PredictionI think that age does not affect the amount of stomata on a leaf because of the way in which leaves grow. New leaf cells develop around the edges of the leaf in meristem tissues, the cells of which are able to divide infinitely. After division is complete, genetic programming determines what sort of cell it will become. As a result, whether a cell becomes the one of a stomatas guard cells or not, and the frequency at which they develop is already fixed by the plants genetic programming, which does not change. Therefore, the number of stomata a leaf has per mm2 will remain constant throughout its existence, regardless of its age.Obtaining ResultsWhen I chose my three young leaves, I made sure that they were the smallest leaves I could find. They were all of a very similar size on average 5cm long, and of a light green colour. The three older leaves were all much larger on average 15cm long and of a darker green colour. I collected all the leaves from the same side of the same bush, and at the same height to ensure that they had all grown in the identical conditions. When I took them back to the laboratory, I painted them all with the same brand of nail-varnish, of an equal thickness and area, and in the same position, on the underside of the leaf, where the stomata are.I left them all to dry for 24 hours. While they were drying, I measured my field of view. I set the microscope to medium power, with the x10 eyepiece, then noted which microscope I was using, and the settings, so that they would always be the same. Then using a graticule, I measured the diameter of the field of view. It was 0.6mm long. Then I divided this by 2 to find the radiu s, and used it in the formula ?r2, to calculate the area: ? x 0.32 = 0.283mm2When the nail varnish was dry, I used a pair of forceps to peel the nail varnish off the leaves. Each time, I peeled a section off, I placed it on a clean slide, and labelled the slide to show whether it was a young leaf or an old leaf. When all the nail-varnish had been peeled off and put on slides, I started to make my observations. I placed a slide under the microscope, focused on the image and counted the stomata I could see. As well as counting the full ones, I also counted the ones that were only partially in the field of view. I counted them slowly and accurately, then wrote down my findings. Then I worked out how many there would be per mm2 for each result. To do this I worked out how much smaller my field of view was in proportion to a mm2:1 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.283 = 3.53This meant that I had to multiply each of my results by 3.53 to obtain the number of stomata per mm2. I put these results into a table :Old LeavesYoung LeavesNumber of stomata per mm2204.9129.7190.8188.7130.7159.6I thought these results looked quite random, so I decided to look at some more leaves. I prepared them in exactly the same way as I had done before: The leaves were of the same size, colour, and position on the same bush. I used the same thickness, area and brand of nail-varnish in the same position on the underside of the leaf, and left them for the same amount of time. When I made observations, I used the same microscope, power and eyepiece as I had done the first time. I counted the stomata in the same way as I had done before, and worked out the calculations in the same way. However, I only had time to do two more young and old leaves. I added these results to the table:Old LeavesYoung LeavesNumber of stomata per mm2204.9129.7190.8188.7130.7159.6141.3166.7159.0156.1Average165.3160.2AnalysingMy results indicate that the number of stomata varies from leaf to leaf, but when the mean is compared between ol d and young leaves the results are very similar they only differ by 3%, or 5 stomata. This suggests that the age does not affect the number of stomata per mm2 on a leaf. This is a graph of my results:My findings support my prediction because they prove that age does not affect on the amount of stomata per mm2 that a plant has. I think this is due to the way in which leaves grow. New leaf cells develop around the edges of the leaf in meristem tissues, the cells of which are able to divide infinitely. After division is complete, genetic programming determines what sort of cell it will become. As a result, whether a cell becomes the one of a stomatas guard cells or not, and the frequency at which they develop is already fixed by the plants genetic programming, which does not change. Therefore, the number of stomata a leaf has per mm2 will remain constant throughout its existence, regardless of its age. The number of stomata may vary from leaf to leaf due to differences in the stomatas positioning on the leaf.EvaluatingI think that the evidence I obtained is as accurate as I could make it. The observations I made are quite accurate, because I counted the stomata as well as I could, but, due to slight imperfections on the surface of the nail-varnish, some small parts were not in focus. This meant that in these parts the stomata were difficult to count. However, I do not think that I made any major mistakes. I do not think that there are any anomalous results. The procedure was very suitable, because using a nail-varnish peel is the only way to count the stomata with the equipment that I had access to. The microscope I used relied on light shining through the specimen, and it is impossible to look at leaves in this way due to their thickness. The reliability if my evidence could have been improved by obtaining more results.If I had looked at more leaves, then I would have been able to calculate more accurate averages. Also, I should have ensured that I always looke d at exactly the same part of the leaf, as precisely as possible, in case the number of stomata per mm2 varied greatly depending on where it was on the leaf. I always painted my nail-varnish in about the same place, over an area of 1cm, but my microscope was only able to look at 0.283mm2. This means that the particular place on the leaf that I looked at could have varied enormously from leaf to leaf. I think my evidence is sufficient to support a firm conclusion, because, despite the fact that I only did 5 of each different age, they still showed that age does not seem to have an effect on the number of stomata per mm2 a leaf has. However, I think that there is a way that I could have provided additional evidence for a conclusion.The best way to discover whether age affects the number of stomata per mm2 that a leaf has would be to look at the same leaf as it matures. I could have left the leaf growing on the tree, and painted the nail-varnish on without taking the leaf off the tree, then taken the dry nail-varnish peel back to the laboratory to observe. I could have marked where I had painted the nail-varnish the last time, and each month, I could have repeated the experiment, comparing it to the last result I had got. This way I would know for sure how age affects the stomata, because I would be looking at the same leaf as it grew in the same conditions, rather that different leaves, growing in slightly different conditions. Also, when I drew a graph of my results, the data would be continuous, allowing me plot a line graph and discover the true relationship between the age of a leaf and the amount of stomata it has.

New Author Profiles on the Reedsy Network

New Author Profiles on the Reedsy Network New: Author Profiles on the Reedsy Network A few months ago, we gave editors and designers the tools to create a beautiful profile on Reedsy. Today, we’re proud to be unveiling author profiles! Log in to your Reedsy account here and get started on yours now for free!Bestselling author C.J. Lyons, Scifi author Chele Cooke and  YA author Sara Raasch have already created their Reedsy profiles. We look forward to seeing yours, share it with us over on @ReedsyHQ!And if you want to help us spread the word among the author community about this awesome opportunity, here’s a simple pre-made tweet

Scientific Realism & Anti-realism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Scientific Realism & Anti-realism - Assignment Example The â€Å"no miracles argument† is an argument for realism that states that there are unobservable â€Å"entities† in the world that can be used to influence the observable world. Just because one cannot observe everything does not mean that it does not exist. What happens in the observable world proves the existence and can allow one to predict the behavior of the unobservable. A theory is â€Å"empirically successful† if it has to be shown to make â€Å"excellent predictions about the behavior of objects in the observable world†. Inherently unobservable phenomena, such as the changes an electron undergoes in an atom when moving from a high to lower energy-state in lasers, which scientists then apply to technology that is functionally based on the repeatable results of the experiments define theories that are empirically successful. Realists use the theory to confirm the existence of the unobservable world and to make predictions about its reliability, proposing that if a theory is empirically successful that it must be true based on the results of repeated observations. Anti-realists refer to a number of theories based on empirically successful experimentation that science has later proven false. The anti-realist position is that as science becomes more sophisticated and uncovers ways to observe more of the world, more of the unknown becomes known. The â€Å"no clear difference† argument proposes that there is no clear delineation between the observable and unobservable world. Another argument for realism, this argument indicates that if the line cannot be drawn so that it is easily understood, that more is observable than the anti-realists readily assume.

Avon Calls for Foreign Market Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Avon Calls for Foreign Market - Case Study Example From this paper it is clear that Avon applied product orientation strategy where it produced its goods and went to its customers to check whether they will be interested. Oudan & N.S. U, 2007 observes that this orientation has the advantage of saving the customer the burden to second-guess how a new product would develop. Product orientation allowed Avon to keep producing the items it was good in without having to deal with the risks involved in producing new products. Marketing orientation bears more advantages. In their line of duty, Avon representatives meet people and they get to hear their varying queries, ideas, and needs.  This study outlines that  Avon depends more on foreign markets because they do not stiff competition. There are many cosmetic manufacturers in the U.S. cosmetic industry. Avon’s independent salespersons help advertise products through the word of mouth. This cuts advertising costs that would accrue from other ways of marketing such as media.  Gr owth in the numbers of women who use cosmetics would raise Avon’s profitability. These are women of ages ranging between young adulthood and middle age. On the other hand, if the elderly exceeded the young, Avon’s profitability will go down. Avon targets women and an unbalanced growth in population that would lead to more men than women would reduce Avon’s sales and profitability. Global recession renders some people unemployed because companies resort to lay-offs and retrenchments in order to cut on their costs.

Use and develop systems that promote communication Essay Example for Free

Use and develop systems that promote communication Essay Review the range of groups and individuals whose communication needs must be addressed in your own work job role. As an early years practitioner communication within the role is an essential skill required in any setting and is the foundation in which we are able to find out information needed for different purposes. Having an excellent communication scheme allows for a great team and a successful setting, there are many different means to communicate with others, some of these are: Verbal Body language/Non-verbal Sign Pictorial Written Assisted Personal Organisational Formal Informal Public Communication affects everyone within a nursery setting and therefore is a crucial part of managing a nursery. There are many groups of people that we interact with while carrying out our day-to-day duties. All members of staff such directors, managers, teachers, teaching assistants, cleaning staff rely on many different forms of communication to assist with their individual job roles. All job roles come with different responsibilities and without clear and constant communication between them; tasks and team moral will be affected. As a manager there are many techniques and approaches we can apply to ensure that all members of staff are involved and communicated with in the appropriate manner. For example; 5-minute communication meetings each morning, weekly meetings with line managers, team building days, email accounts etc. Children within the nursery, are an essential part of our daily routine and communication with them is of an equal value, however involves a different approach. Read more:  Essay on Use Communication Systems to Promote Partnership Working There are many important factors to be taken into consideration when communicating with children; firstly, it should always be age appropriate, taking into account the language we chose and the  level of the class. Secondly, what are we trying to achieve from our lesson, and finally, how do we respond to the children trying to communicate to us. These factors or techniques should always be considered throughout our day with the children, with some key examples being; circle time, stories, singing, role-play, messy play etc. Parents of children who com to the nursery, play a huge part within a nursery setting and clear communication with them is vital at all times to development a good partnership. Different techniques and approaches within a nursery setting should be applied to ensure that all parents gain clear and concise communication in the correct way. When dealing with parents on a day to day basis, communicate allows teachers and management to build a good relationship between the children’s nursery and home life, therefore allowing us to put them at ease and help them to understand and be apart of the nursery’s vision and ethos. It is very important to understand that communication does not just involve talking to someone, but about making them feel comfortable to approach a member of staff with any questions, queries or complaints. As management within a nursery it is a requirement to discuss and work closely with all members of staff, parents and children. Therefore it is crucial to have excellent communication skill in order to deal with situations that may involve individuals from outside your nursery. This will assist with the day-to-day running of the nursery, allowing everyone to keep up the high standards. There are many different external personnel groups that a setting will interact with and as a manager ensuring strong communication with them is key. There are various ways of communicating with these groups and again finding the correct approach is paramount. For example; contacting them by telephone, e-mails, setting up meetings within the nursery or at their organisations, reports, recording books etc. 1.2 Explain how to support effective communication within your own job role. While managing a nursery, it is essential that the management build good positive working relationships with everyone they communicate with, having the ability to be able to talk openly, honestly and clearly, creating an atmosphere of trust and respecting the needs of others while interacting with them. Within a nursery the management will take on a vast amount of roles and responsibilities throughout their daily routine, and so should  adjust their approach to communicate in different circumstances if and when needed. Changing communication approaches when developing these relationships with others should help deliver the message effectively. Here are some examples of roles which management will undertake: advising, instructing, welcoming, observing, informing etc. Management use a variety of different communication methods (shown above in 1.1) to help with the multiple roles they contend with on a daily basis. There are many reasons to be an effective communicator within a nursery, as this will allow the manager to delegate tasks to others, conduct meetings, deliver presentations, supervise, manage appraisals, report, build a team, negotiate and interview etc. Bearing in mind that being a good and effective communicator is being able to adapt their style to the situation and being able to respond in sensitive and empathetic ways to those who they are communicating with. As well as supporting others to become an effective communicator, they should role model effectively and reflect daily on their own communication skills. 1.3 Analyse the barriers and challenges to communication within own job role. Effective communication is paramount to running a successful nursery and the management team should always build strong and positive relationships with the people they may communicate with. If these relationships are not built, communication may become limited and will not be communicated on a meaning full level with the group or individual delivering or receiving the message, which may begin to create conflict between them. It is vital that the group or individual shows respect for one another while being communicated to as this will help keep in the effectiveness of communication. There are several barriers, which may affect clear and effective communication between a group and an individual making communicate ineffective. Ensuring these barriers are solved the management need to find the correct approach to overcome them. Some of the barriers that a nursery may be faced with are listed below. Firstly, the difference in culture, values and language is a major barrier within applying effective communication as this could block any important information getting through to the appropriate person, and therefore affecting the purpose involved. Communicating with the correct language Being aware and knowing the importance of respecting the cultural  differences could help the manager, group or individual deliver or receive highly effective communication. ‘By developing a respectful curiosity about the beliefs and practices within all service users’ lives, we are able to communicate in more meaningful ways.’ (Miller 2006). Secondly, negative feeling towards others has a big impact on the way communication is delivered or received. As a human being, liking and getting along with everyone is not expected and during a working nursery environment interacting with this barrier is incredibly common. Part of negative feelings can also be affected by body language when communicating with others, as it can be shown easily through actions without speaking. ‘Non-verbal communication can have up to five times the impact on a person’s understanding compared to words. (Argyle 1978). For example, the attitude, appearance and behaviour of the individual show clear signs of negativity. However, working alongside others is a top priority of the managers daily roles and keeping things professional is a major plus when dealing with different situations and is vital to ensure that speech and body language match in order to deliver the message. Finally, a barrier that could challenge effective communication is an inappropriate environment that is being used, could lead to others not understanding the message. Occasionally, the message could be distorted when the environment is too noisy, to hot or cold and crowded etc. Distractions could have another giant impact in the environment as some people may be easily unfocused on the communication given and so could present to the manager poor work. Therefore, ensuring that the nature of environment is appropriate for the communication being delivered or received is an essential part of effective communicate and a successful nursery. For example, staff meetings are in a large enough area for the number of staff with appropriate seating, temperatures in the area are correct, mobile phones turned off in meetings, quiet area to ensure effective communication etc. 1.4 Implement a strategy to overcome communication barriers. Evaluating and reflecting on previous communication with others supports the management to improve and change their communication strategies if needed, allowing them to identify and take adequate action. For example, within my class, I communicated with a teaching assistant (who is of a different  culture) explaining prep work I will need for the following week. She did not understand the content of the things I was asking and so I changed my communication method, writing and drawings examples on paper. In respect to cultural, values and language barriers, (an external barrier) staff training should be given, specifically on all types of communication and different strategies they could use in regards to different situations. Some examples that we use in my nursery are; staff training on using home-school communication books with parents, using their nursery e-mail accounts and checking them daily, having parent teacher meetings, using there teaching assistants effectively- having a meeting with them weekly and communicating with them using written communication if verbal has not been successful. Also training to raise awareness of cultural and religious differences within a nursery. The internal barrier is the body language used when communicating with others; here managers need to be aware of how they present themselves to parents, other members of staff and external services. Reflecting on this each time they are in different situations will allow room to improve in the following situation. ‘Through the development of your self-awareness you can resolve past and current issues and, by doing so, you can improve on your skills in the role of manager’. (Geldard and Geldard 2003). A technique to improve body language as a manager is through ‘SOLER’ (Egan). Use different means of communication to meet different needs. There are a vast amount of communication methods, which need to meet many individual needs, a range of these are verbal, non-verbal, sign, pictorial, written, electronic, assisted, personal, organisational, formal, informal and public. Some of these methods are listed in more detail below. Verbal Communication- During nursery routines verbal communication is used daily, as most staff discover important information this way. However, this is sometimes not enough as verbal communication can also become complicated due to the meaning of words used and how they are perceived between cultures, leading to a possible ineffective form of communication. ‘The words we use alter depending on the situation and the people involved and, because of this, we can never be sure that a word has the same meaning for two people’. (Porritt, 1990). The words managers use are very important and are as equally important as the tone of voice, pitch, volume, rhythm and timing that are included within the conversation as it can affect the way the message is delivered. For example, talking to an adult like they were a child and receiving tuts and sighing back, shows signs that the individual does not feel comfortable with the way they are being spoken to. This is called paralinguistic communication, which allows us to see signs through the individuals sounds that they may reply, for example, sighing, coughing, tutting, yawning etc. Non-Verbal Communication- This form of communication uses different factors that we can see without using any kind of speech or sounds. Below is a table containing examples of the different factors individuals may come across  when using non-verbal communication. Facial Expression Our facial expression communicates emotions unless we train ourselves to mask our feelings. Burnard (1996) argues that it is important to be congruent- if you say you are angry while smiling, it gives a confusing mixed message. Eye contact and gaze The way we look into another person’s eyes during conversation is what is known as eye contact. If somebody can hold eye contact through a conversation, it can communicate a level of confidence and willingness to communicate fully. Some of the people we communicate with will have a very low level of eye contact, which might communicate a lack of ease with the conversation or a lack of confidence. It is a good idea to reduce the level of our eye contact to reflect theirs, otherwise it can feel threatening. The appropriateness of maintaining eye contact differs according to culture. Gestures Gestures are movements of your arms and hands that accompany speech. Gestures can help communication, for example, pointing at the direction a person needs to go in can add emphasis to the communication. However too much gesturing can be distracting. Body position, posture and movement. The body position of a client can tell you a lot about how they are feeling- if they are hunched over, with arms and legs crossed, they are probably feeling quite anxious. Rogers (1980) recommends that we relax and it is important not to appear too formal and distant. However if we are too laid back in pour posture, we could appear disinterested. Sitting with our arms and legs can appear closed off and defensive. However, in some circumstances, it may be a good idea to mirror the body posture of the person we are with. Personal space and proximity Two to three feet distance between the chairs is about right for me; however I have noticed that some client’s push their chairs back as soon as they sit down in the prearranged chairs. I assume that space does not feel comfortable to them. People seem to have their own invisible boundaries  which change according to who they are interacting with and how comfortable they feel. Porritt (1990) calls it a bubble that surrounds us. Clothes The clothes we choose to wear say a lot about us. Dressing too informally and too formally can alienate us from our clients. Therapeutic touch  Touch can be a contentious subject. On the one hand there is evidence of touch having therapeutic benefits; on the other it can be misinterpreted and seen as an invasion of a person’s personal space. Bonham (2004) suggests it may be appropriate and supportive for staff to touch when clients are distressed as it may validate the degree of their suffering. He suggests that appropriate places to touch in this situation are hands, forearms, upper arms and shoulders. (Tina Tilmouth, T. et al., 2011). Sign- Using this form of communication is key to those who have hearing impairments and is made up of many gestures, using mainly hands and arms in different signals to communicate. There are different methods of using sign for communicating these are British sign language (BSL), makaton, which helps support speech and baby sign language, which helps communicate with babies and toddlers who have not yet developed their language skills. Pictorial- With this method, communication is primarily through pictures and drawings to communicate effective messages to others. Pictures and drawings are easy to understand and remember, which is why children are shown them from an early age allowing them to understand different instructions. Written- Within a nursery setting, written communication is used a numerous amount of times throughout daily routines. These can be written reports, notes, and e-mails etc. Written communication allows us to be accurate and keep information up to date, while maintaining clear and effective communication. ‘Written communication should be accurate, in detail, up-to-date non-judgemental and legible so that others are able to read it. We also need to comply with confidentiality guidelines and, as such, all forms of written communication must be kept safely.’ (Donnelly and Neville 2008). Electronic- Several methods of electronic communication that could be used within a nursery setting bearing in mind confidentiality are e-mails, telephone calls, text messaging, web pages, social networking sites, forums and video chats. Some explanations of these methods placed  below. 1. E-mails are the most quick and convenient method of electronic communication within a setting as messages can be sent to an address immediately, alerting the receiver that they have a new message waiting. The receiver can then reply as soon as possible therefore a shorter amount of time for response is predicted. Adding attachments and links may also be included in the mail, showing various images, videos, notices, letters etc. As e-mails are passed back and forth to individuals or groups the conversation between them will preferably be saved, therefore information needed in the future can always be received as long as it has not been eased. 2. Telephone calls and text messages are another electronic communication method and can are used vastly within a setting. Telephone calls along with e-mails are one of the biggest communication methods used in any organisation, and can be used both formally and informally. Telephone calls can have disadvantages, however others could be overheard, also the individuals cannot pick up on non-verbal signs shown by the other person. Text messages are easy and informal and can immediately be delivered to one phone or a group of mobile phones, they can also be quicker than a telephone call. A text message could be used instead of a telephone call as it can stop a conversation being overheard. 3. Within a nursery setting, promoting high standards is essential and creating a website could help communicate how excellent the setting is to others. Therefore, another electronic communication method is web pages. Creating a web page for a nursery can help provide others seek information needed about the setting. Web pages can contain different information allowing others to view, for example, text, multi-media files including images, sounds, games etc. Web pages can store this information for a good period of time. 4. Social networking sites have become a main electronic communication method over the last 10 years and are a very popular way to communicate with others. A social networking site is made up of individuals that create a profile and build connections with others by a particular type of interest, such as, ideas, values, trades, fashion etc. A nursery setting may become  part of an online social networking site creating a page about the nursery to maintain effective communication with parents, bearing in mind confidentiality at all times. 4.1 Explain the legal and ethical tensions between maintaining confidentiality and information sharing. Confidentiality and sharing information is information shared from one individual to another or even to a small group, this information is not to be shared with others and is of the up most importance when dealing with staff, parents and children within a nursery setting. Confidentiality permits parents to have a sense of trust in members of the nursery staff. Polices are set out for staff to respect and obey daily throughout there routines however, staff only have the right to know relevant information not all, and if this is breeched serious action could be taken. To ensure all staff members understand the policy on confidentiality, training and appropriate guidance and support should be given when needed. (Beauchamp and Childress 1994), defined ‘Confidentiality as ‘keeping secret’ information given to a person by another. Infringement occurs when that information is disclosed to someone else without the giver’s consent’. Within a nursery setting, all confidential files are kept within a locked cabinet and staff are obliged to keep parent and child information confidential at all times, however confidentiality can be broken when a crime has been committed or when the member of staff believes it is about to, malpractice has occurred, child abuse is suspected, to help prevent suicide, or misconduct has occurred, and only sharing the information to the professionals who need to know. If by law, confidentiality is breeched, then the manager has the right to take disciplinary and/or legal action.

Millennium Development Goals and Jamaica Essay -- International Develo

The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) represents the basic necessities and rights that any human would want to enjoy. It is a nationwide commitment made in September 2000 at a United Nations Millennium Summit meeting by 189 countries including Jamaica (Sweetman, 2005, p.2). Its emergence came as a major objective in an effort toward global development within a fifteen (15) year period. These objectives are targeted at the poorest sets of people in the world and are geared towards eliminating severe poverty and improving the provisions of good health and well-being. There are eight goals to be accomplished by 2015, each having more than one target. 1. Eradication of poverty and hunger- the target is to half the rate of the world’s poverty and hunger and to achieve full and productive employment for all. 2. Achieving universal primary education – its aim, to ensure that all children will at least attain and successfully complete the primary level education. 3. Promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women – aimed at seeing more women in parliament, girl to boy ratio in primary, secondary and tertiary schooling 4. Decreasing child mortality – that is, reducing the death rate by at least two-thirds in children who are under five (5) years old and ensuring that all infants are properly immunized by the time they get to age one. 5. Improvement in maternal health – aimed at reducing maternal mortality and ensuring that mothers giving birth are attended to by skilled health personnel. 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases – aimed at educating persons about the important use of condoms and contraceptives in order to reduce and prevent these diseases. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability –aimed at inte... ... also incurred a legacy of debt, has a very low growth rate, high crime rate and is considered to be risky borrowers. BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS Sweetman, C. (2005).Gender and the Millennium Development Goal. Oxfam Publishers. Oxford, London. ARTICLES Sunday Observer, September 26, 2010. To achieve the ultimate Millennium Development Goal. WEBSITES National Report of Jamaica on MDG for the UN Economic and Social Council Annual Ministerial Review, Geneva 2009. Planning Institute of Jamaica. Retrieved on November 16, 2010 form www.jm.undp.org/ National Report United Nations (2000), â€Å"Millennium Development Goals†. Retrieved November 17, 2010 from www.mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Host.aspx World Health Organization (2005). Health and the Millennium Goals, retrieved November 18, 2010 from www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/en

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twenty

This is way worse than the obstacle course, thought Matt. And building a house out of newspaper. And the firewalk. This is definitely the worst pledge event yet. He twisted the toothbrush in his hand to real y get into the little niche running along the bottom of the paneling on the Vitale Society's pledge room wal s. The toothbrush came out black with ancient dirt and dangling cobwebs, and Matt grimaced in disgust. His back was already sore from hunching over. â€Å"How's it going, soldier?† Chloe asked, squatting down next to him, a dripping sponge in one hand. â€Å"Honestly, I'm not sure how scrubbing out this room is going to help us develop honor and leadership and al the stuff Ethan keeps talking about,† Matt said. â€Å"I think this might just be a way to save a couple of bucks on a cleaning service.† â€Å"Well, they say cleanliness is next to godliness,† she reminded him. Chloe laughed. He real y liked her laugh. It was sort of bubbly and silvery. Internal y, he gave himself a little eye rol . Bubbly and silvery. She had a nice laugh, was al he meant. They'd been spending a lot of time together since Christopher's death. Matt had felt like nothing could be as bad as living with al of Christopher's stuff when Christopher himself was gone, but then Chris's parents came and packed it up, gently patting Matt on the back as if he deserved some kind of sympathy when they had lost their only son. And with just empty space where Christopher's things had been, everything was a mil ion times worse. Meredith, Bonnie, and Elena had tried to comfort him. They wanted so badly for him to be okay again that he'd felt guilty he wasn't, making it harder for him to be around them. Chloe had taken to coming by the room, hanging out with him or getting him to come to the cafeteria or wherever with her, keeping him in touch with the world when he felt like locking himself away. There was something so easy about her. Elena, the only girl he'd ever loved – before now, part of him whispered – was much more work to be around. Inside, he flinched at his own disloyalty to Elena, but it was true. Now he was starting to wake up and take an interest in things again. And he kept noticing with fresh surprise the cute dimple Chloe had in her right cheek, or how shiny her curly dark hair was, or how graceful and pretty her hands were despite the fact that they were often stained with paint. So far, though, they were just friends. Maybe †¦ maybe it was time to change that. Chloe snapped her fingers in front of his face, and Matt realized he had been staring at her. â€Å"You al right, buddy?† she asked, a little frown wrinkling her forehead, and Matt had to restrain himself from kissing her right then. â€Å"Yeah, just spacing out,† he said, feeling a flush creep over his cheeks. He was smiling like a goof, he knew. â€Å"Want to help with these wal s?† â€Å"Sure, why not?† Chloe answered. â€Å"I'l soap down the wal part, and you keep doing whatever you're doing there with that little toothbrush.† They worked companionably together for a while, Chloe now and then accidental y-on-purpose dripping soapy water onto the top of Matt's head. As they worked further along the paneling, the niche under the baseboard got deeper, until it was not so much a niche as a gap. Matt slid the toothbrush underneath to scrub – man, but it got grimy down there – and felt something shift. â€Å"There's something under here,† he told Chloe, pressing his hand flat against the floor and working his fingers into the gap. He slid his hands and the toothbrush around, trying to shimmy whatever was down there toward them, but he couldn't quite get a grip on it. â€Å"Look,† said Chloe after a moment, â€Å"I think the paneling might slide up here.† She wiggled the section of wood until it gave a raucous screech and she was able to work it up. â€Å"Huh,† she said, puzzled. â€Å"Wow, it's like a secret compartment. Seems like it hasn't been opened for a while, though.† Once she managed to ease the paneling up, they could see the space behind it was smal , only a foot or so in height and width and a few inches deep. It was ful of cobwebs. Inside was something rectangular, wrapped in a cloth that had probably once been white but was now gray with dust. â€Å"It's a book,† Matt said, picking it up. The grime on the outside of the cloth was thick and soft and came away on his hands. Unwrapping it, he found the book inside was clean. â€Å"Wow,† Chloe said softly. It looked old, real y old. The cover was flaking dark leather, and the edges of the pages were rough as if they'd been hand cut instead of by a machine. Tilting the book a little, Matt could see the remains of gilt that must have once been the title, but it was worn away now. Matt opened it to the middle. Inside, it was handwritten, black ink inscribing neat strong strokes. And total y indecipherable. â€Å"I think it's Latin. Maybe?† said Matt. â€Å"Do you know Latin at al ?† Chloe shook her head. Matt flipped back to the first page, and one word popped out at him. Vitale. â€Å"Maybe it's a history of the Vitale Society,† Chloe said. â€Å"Or ancient secrets of the founders. Cool! We should give it to Ethan.† â€Å"Yeah, sure,† Matt said, distracted. He turned a few more pages, and the ink changed from black to a dark brown. It looks like dried blood, he thought, and shuddered, then pushed the image away. It was just some kind of old ink, faded brown with time. One word he recognized, written three – no, four – times on the page: Mort. That meant death, didn't it? Matt traced the word with his finger, frowning. Creepy. â€Å"I'l show it to Ethan,† Chloe said, jumping up and taking the book from him. She crossed the room and interrupted Ethan's conversation with another girl. From the other side of the room, Matt watched Ethan's face break into a slow smile as he took the book. After a few minutes, Chloe returned, grinning. â€Å"Ethan was real y excited,† she said. â€Å"He said he'l tel us al about it after he gets someone to translate the book.† Matt nodded. â€Å"That's terrific,† he said, pushing the last of his unease away. This was Chloe, lively, laughing Chloe, and he would try not to think about death or blood or anything morbid around her. â€Å"Hey,† he said, pushing away the dark thoughts, focusing on the golden highlights in her dark hair. â€Å"Are you going to the party at McAl ister House tonight?† Maybe not pulled back, Elena thought, looking critical y at herself in the mirror. She tugged the barrette out of her hair and let her golden locks tumble, sleek and flat-ironed, down around her shoulders. Much better. She looked good, she noted, running her eyes dispassionately over her reflection. Her strappy short black dress accentuated her rose-petal skin and pale hair, and her dark blue eyes seemed huge. Without Stefan, though, what did it matter how she looked? She watched her own mouth tighten in the mirror as she pushed the thought away. However much she missed the feeling of Stefan's hand in hers, his lips on hers, however much she wanted to be with him, it was impossible for now. She couldn't be Katherine. And her pride wouldn't let her just mope around, either. It's not forever, she told herself grimly. Bonnie came up and threw her arm around Elena's shoulders, regarding them both in the mirror. â€Å"We clean up nice, don't we?† she asked cheerful y. â€Å"Ready to go?† â€Å"You do look amazing,† Elena said, looking at Bonnie with affection. The shorter girl was practical y glowing with excitement – eyes sparkling, smile bright, cheeks flushed, mane of red hair flying out seemingly with a life of its own – and her short blue dress and strappy high-heeled shoes were adorable. Bonnie's smile got bigger. â€Å"Let's get going,† Meredith said, al business. She was sleek and practical in jeans and a soft fitted gray shirt that matched her eyes. It was hard to know what Meredith was thinking, but Elena had overheard her murmuring to Alaric on the phone late at night. She figured that Meredith, at heart, might not be into the party either. Outside, people walked quickly in large, silent groups, glancing around nervously as they went. No one lingered, no one was alone. Meredith stopped midstride and stiffened, suddenly aware of a potential threat. Elena fol owed her gaze. She was wrong: one person lingered alone. Damon was sitting on a bench outside their dorm, his face tipped toward the sky as if he was basking in the sun despite the darkness of the evening. â€Å"What do you want, Damon?† Meredith said, warily. Her voice wasn't actual y rude – they'd gotten past that, working together this summer – but it wasn't friendly, and Elena could feel her bristling beside her. â€Å"Elena, of course,† Damon said lazily, rising and smoothly taking Elena's arm. Bonnie looked back and forth between them, puzzled. â€Å"I thought you weren't going to spend time with either of them for a while,† she said to Elena. Damon spoke quietly into Elena's ear. â€Å"It's about the Vitale Society. I've got a lead.† Elena hesitated. She hadn't told her friends about the hints she and Damon had found that the Vitale Society might be more than a myth, or that they might be connected to her parents in some way. There wasn't real y anything much to go on yet, and she didn't feel quite ready to talk about the possibility that her parents might have been mixed up in some kind of dark secret or how she felt, seeing the images of them when they were young. Making up her mind, she turned to Meredith and Bonnie. â€Å"I've got to go with Damon for a minute. It's important. I'l explain it to you guys later. See you at the party in a little bit.† Meredith frowned but nodded, and she steered Bonnie toward McAl ister House. As they went, Elena could hear Bonnie saying, â€Å"But wasn't the whole point†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Keeping his hand tucked firmly under Elena's arm, Damon led her in the opposite direction. â€Å"Where are we going?† she asked, feeling too aware of the softness of Damon's skin and the strength of his grip. â€Å"I saw a girl wearing one of those pins from the photo,† Damon answered. â€Å"I fol owed her to the library, but once she got inside, she just disappeared. I looked everywhere for her. Then, an hour later, she came out the library doors again. Remember when I said we needed to look for answers somewhere other than the library?† He smiled. â€Å"I was wrong. There's something going on in there.† â€Å"Maybe you just didn't see her?† Elena wondered aloud. â€Å"It's a big library, she could have been tucked away in a study carrel or something.† â€Å"I would have found her,† Damon said briefly. â€Å"I'm good at finding people.† His teeth shone white for a moment under the streetlights. The problem was that the library was so normal. Once they were inside, Elena looked around at the gray-carpeted floors, the beige chairs, the rows and rows of bookshelves, the buzzing fluorescent lights. It was a place to study. It didn't look like any secrets were hidden here. â€Å"Upstairs?† she suggested. They took the stairs rather than the elevator and worked their way down from the top floor. Going from floor to floor, they found †¦ nothing. People reading and taking notes. Books, books, and more books. In the basement, there was a room of vending machines and smal tables for study breaks. Nothing unexpected. Elena paused in a hal way of administrative offices near the vending machine. â€Å"We're not going to find anything,† she told Damon. His face twisted in frustration, and she added, â€Å"I believe you that there's something going on here, I do, but without any leads, we don't even know what we're looking for yet.† The door behind her, marked Research Office, opened, and Matt came out. He looked tired, and Elena felt a quick flash of guilt. After Christopher's death, she and Meredith and Bonnie had meant to stick close to Matt. But he was always busy with footbal or class and didn't seem to want them around. She realized with a shock that she hadn't talked to him in days. â€Å"Oh, hey, Elena,† Matt said, looking startled. â€Å"Are you going to the party tonight?† He greeted Damon with an awkward nod. â€Å"Mutt,† Damon acknowledged, giving a half smile, and Matt rol ed his eyes. As they chatted about the party and classes and Bonnie's new semiboyfriend, Elena cataloged her impressions of Matt. Tired, yes – his eyes were a little bloodshot, and there was grimness to his lips that hadn't been there a few weeks ago. But why did he smel so strongly of soap? It wasn't like he was particularly clean, she thought, inspecting a grubby trail tracing down Matt's cheek to his neck. It looked like something had been dripped on his head. It was almost like he had been cleaning something. Something real y dirty. Struck by a new thought, she glanced at his chest. Surely he wouldn't be wearing one of the V pins? As if aware of what she was wondering, Matt pul ed his jacket more tightly around him. â€Å"What were you doing in that office?† she asked him abruptly. â€Å"Uh.† Matt's face was blank for half a second, and then he glanced up at the door, at the sign saying Research Office. â€Å"Research, of course,† he said. â€Å"I've got to go,† he added. â€Å"I'l catch you at the party later, okay, Elena?† He had half turned away, when Elena impulsively put out her hand to catch his arm. â€Å"Where have you been, Matt?† she asked. â€Å"I've hardly seen you lately.† Matt grinned, but he didn't quite meet her eyes. â€Å"Footbal ,† he said. â€Å"Col ege bal ‘s a big deal.† He gently pul ed away from her restraining hand. â€Å"Later, Elena. Damon.† They watched him walk away, and then Damon nodded toward the door Matt had come out of. â€Å"Shal we?† he said. â€Å"Shal we what?† Elena asked, puzzled. â€Å"Oh, like that wasn't suspicious,† Damon said. He put his hand on the knob, and Elena heard the lock snap as he forced it open. Inside was a very boring room. A desk, a chair, a smal rug on the floor. Maybe a little too boring? â€Å"A research office without books? Or even a computer?† Elena asked. Damon cocked his head to one side, considering, then, with a swift movement, pul ed aside the rug. Below it was the clear outline of a trapdoor. â€Å"Bingo,† Elena breathed. She stepped forward, already bending down to try and pry it open, but Damon pul ed her back. â€Å"Whoever is using this could stil be down there,† he said. â€Å"Matt just left, and I doubt he was alone.† Matt. Whatever was going on, Matt knew about it. â€Å"Maybe I should talk to him,† Elena said. Damon frowned. â€Å"Let's wait until we know what we're dealing with,† he said. â€Å"We don't know what Matt's involvement is. This could be dangerous for you.† He had taken hold of her arm again and was pul ing her gently, steadily out of the room. â€Å"We'l come back later.† Elena let him lead her away, grappling with what he'd said. Dangerous? she thought. Surely Matt wouldn't be doing anything that would be a danger to Elena?

Responsibility For Solving Problems Essay

Should people take more responsibility for solving problems that affect their communities or the nation in general? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations. Nowadays, there are many problems in our nation. These Problems affect people every day, everywhere, around the world. Responsibility towards our communities is an extreme international internal sensation. It is inside of every one of us!! â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.† This quote by John F. Kennedy rings true. People should take more responsibility for solving problems that affect their communities or the nation in general because society should be more self-reliant. Every little thing that people try to do counts. We all need to work and volunteer to make our society much better and civilized. Additionally, the people of the community should take more action in helping out the environment so that they can enjoy living in a clean area without impediments stopping the sanitation of the vicinity. Citizens should be aware of global warming and should start helping out to stop pollution in the area. They can start recycling paper and canned products and collecting trash rather than littering. People in Los Angeles made a group together called LA’s Watershed Protection Program and helped to stop pollution. Some things they did were dispose of trash properly, used environmentally safe products, and recycled their used motor oil and filters. This is why the people should take more responsibility in helping out the environment to stop pollution in the future. Government support is helpful; however, people should not always depend on them. People need to take charge in order for the nation to prosper economically and environmentally. A nation is defined by the standard of life of its people. Thus, if the people work together to improve their lives, they will be improving the status of their communities, and consequently, their nation.

Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving Husband Essays

Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving Husband Essays Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving Husband Paper Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving Husband Paper This technique not 0 only elevates the earthly love she has for her husband to that of a divine calling, but also expire sees a deeper understanding of our duties on Earth as Christians and gives a fuller understand ending of what God is calling us to do. Anne Breadbaskets poem wastes no time in making connections between hum an love and communion with God by alluding to scripture in the first line. She writes, If e overwrote were one, then surely we. The Gospel of Mark, which all puritans would be familiar wit h calls man to leave his parents and become one with his wife saying, So they are no longer two, but one less (NIB). Amongst the Puritan community, marriage was a sacred union a ND husbands and wives were expected to follow biblical teachings concerning the love bet a man and a Damasks 2 woman. This spousal love was meant to point beyond itself to the glory d and serve to be a living example of Gods love for the church and its members. With this if e, Broadsheet sets the stage to express this poems consistent theme depicting the speaker p love for her husband as something ordained by God, serving to emulate Gods deep or his children. Later in this poem, Broadsheet writes, My love is such that rivers cannot h. Again Broadsheet is on the surface, expressing her love and desire for her hush while referencing Salmons Song of Songs verse 8: 7, Many waters cannot quench love; RI Anton sweep it away (NIB). Salmons Song of Songs is biblical poetry describing Christ e and marriage to the its bride, the Church. However, it is more than just this. This scrip s a blueprint for how a man and wife should love each other. Hence Salmons Song of S shares the same theme of that of Anne Breadbaskets To My Dear and Loving Husband, in that its discussing the parallelisms between spousal love and spiritual love. An example of boot parallel and a blueprint for marriage are noted in the line of Breadbaskets poem that ere Thy love is such I can no way repay. Broadsheet mirrors the line in Salmons song Of son. ICC reads, If one were to give all the wealth of ones house for love, it would be utterly SC (NIB song of Songs 8:8). The speaking voice clearly wants her Puritan audience to ma injections between the love of a wife for a husband and the love that Christ has for his child Anne Broadsheet, a devout puritan, writes as an ardent appeal both for romantic love, as well as a plea for an everlasting spirit both with her Cubans as well as with God.

Getting Started With CoSchedule [Demo] - CoSchedule Blog

Getting Started With [Demo] Blog New tools always have their learning curves! The Getting Started at demo will empower you with the tools you need to rock your editorial calendar. Join our awesome Customer Success team to discuss the basic features of . In this demo, youll learn the basics of setting up your calendar, get a walkthrough of key features, and learn how to edit, schedule, and draft your first piece of content! Want to get started with ? [Demo](0:00) Discovering your calendar Intro (1:50)  What is ? (2:32)  Get an overview of all your tasks and notifications inside the Dashboard. (7:07) Learn the basics of your calendar view. (4:42) Diving into content to manage your first project. (8:43)  Creating your first piece of content. (9:23)  Adding tags and color labels to your content. (10:23)  Manage and create all projects using the content editors. (11:26)  Use the team workflow tools to make sure your team is staying on track. (13:30)  How our  marketing team schedules and creates email campaigns. (16:38)  Schedule social messages faster and easier with . (16:28) Creating standalone  messages on your calendar. (19:53)  Curate content to your calendar faster with s Chrome Extension. (20:55)  Add a social campaign to any content to create a social message campaign. (24:33)  See all the results in using our awesome analytics features. Recommended Reading: Ultimate Guide to

Managerial Decision Making Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managerial Decision Making - Research Paper Example PART 1 Formal research and business proposal are terminologies that bear commonalities and differences. While formal research is defined as conducting an experiment under proscribed conditions so as to find out, reveal or assess a hypothesis, business proposal is defined as the methodical collection of information with the objective of arriving at the most appropriate solution for a given problem or situation. Each one possesses its relevance and significance in the business scenery, while still they have characteristics that are distinct to each other. This paper will, therefore, seek to establish these attributes by establishing the commonalities and differences between the two terminologies. It will also establish the capabilities of one in disparity with the capabilities of the other. Later, it will explore the effects of human resources subcontracted on leadership performance and employee commitment. Commonalities The two terminologies, ‘formal research’ and ‘ business proposal’ have both commonalities and differences. One aspect present in a formal research is that it does not necessarily need presentation with a heading or subheadings. This feature is also present in a business proposal. Further, the two have an introduction and a conclusion. Whenever a business proposal is being written it is usually vital to carry out a formal research on the souk as it helps in determining the feasibility of the business (Dess, 2007, pp. 32-47). The two possess basic structural apparatus that describe them as a proposal manuscript, whose introduction part provides background information on the problem, whilst the problem report part clarifies the need to tackle them. Both business and research proposals have to be composed after prompting. Accordingly, all proposals are official and written replies to a call for proposals. Differences Although the terminologies bear similarities, they also possess differences in their general rationale, object ives, sections and functions. While formal research constitutes an academic nature, business proposal is more of practical oriented. While formal research bears no financial implications, business proposal possess financial implications as one of its main features. A business proposal is usually aimed at spotting a need that has to be dealt with so as to generate either financial reserves or greater proceeds, whilst financial implications are irrelevant in formal research. Further, formal research does not concern itself with generating conclusions that are feasible. Business proposal is projected for a vendor and usually spots the objected market and shows how custom results can be distributed to purchasers in such market. The objectives of the two vary as formal research concentrates on discovering definite information that may assist the business formulate good decisions while business proposals regularly recommend new products or services, meaning the aims are mainly to generate money for the company. Whereas the formal research proposals frequently contain a theoretical tactic, the business proposals mainly bear a practical strategy on how to operate so as to generate money. The formal research is frequently completed to establish if the business should formulate alterations such as budget modifications. Whereas the research proposal establishes the general demand for

Episcopal and Presbyterian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Episcopal and Presbyterian - Essay Example Furthermore, we find women not allowed for teachers, and yet allowed to speak in the church as prophets: now, these being debarred speaking in their natural capacity, because teaching implies an act of authority, that privilege being reserved to the men, shews they had a right to it in the Christian church without prophetical inspiration, otherwise there was nothing at all in this case debarred to the woman. Moreover, the general directions given by the Spirit, in the Epistles to Timothy and Titus, concerning the appointment of bishops and deacons, elders or ministers, running all upon moral qualifications, the common Graces of the Spirit, and good instruction in the Scripture, did, then, as well as for ages succeeding, lay a foundation for the ministry of teaching without the special gift of prophesying. An appropriate Catholic response would appear to include the following elements, which flow from a fundamental belief in the dignity of each individual human being and the imperative to seek the universal common good in solidarity with the poorest, the weakest, the oppressed and the marginalized: * a recognition of the reality of sin and evil in the world and the duty of Christians to resist evils such as oppression, social and economic injustices, and genocide; * actively to seek to address the causes of grievances and conflicts in social, economic, and political inequalities which fail to treat every person and nation with appropriate dignity and respect; * the establishment of appropriate international institutions for the reconciliation of differences, with legitimacy and the authority to enforce compliance; * a recognition that an option for non-violence is as important an imperative for Christians as the option for the poor; * focus more than previously on alternatives to war, the need to promote social justice as an integral element in the following of Jesus, to fund peace education programs, and so forth; * the promotion of agreed and internationally regulated arms reduction; * in so far as armed responses to evils such as genocide are necessary, they should conform to the principles of the just war, and particularly proportionality and discrimination; * the need for this to be undertaken speedily and effectively by reformed international institutions with legitimacy and powers of enforcement; * the creation of a strong international civil society with a commitment to human dignity and rights; and * the promotion o

JUDICIARY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

JUDICIARY - Essay Example This is the democratic principle enshrined in the Constitution, the rule of law to prevent the tyranny and also maintain law and order. To achieve this end, the three foundations of a justice system are the police for the enforcement function, the criminal justice system for court trials, and finally, the corrections or the prison system to incarcerate and rehabilitate those convicted of crimes against society. Members of the criminal justice system, such as the prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges or justices must at all times implement and interpret the law with probity, fairness, justice, equality, and solidarity in the pursuit of human rights protection for all, exercise their function without fear or favor. All the said members must act in an ethical manner at all times, free from any corruption, and not influenced by any consideration except morals B. Discussion The judiciary performs its functions with the utmost fairness and equality; how judges must implement or interp ret the law without any influence or pressure from anybody, so that citizens will have faith and trust in their justice system, as their supreme protector against oppression by powerful individuals or influential pressure groups. However, it is also faced with a number of problems or issues it must address so it can carry out its mandate adequately. 1. Judicial ethics – members of the judiciary are brought to a higher standard than other people, they being expected to uphold the law at all times so people will also respect the law. The foundation of law is based on the validity of civil ethics within pluralism (Cortina, 2000). a. Solemn oath – this is a reminder to always stick to the straight and narrow path, despite temptations along the way in performance of duties. Corruption has been a bane, because people tend to accept bribes or other considerations of value (Montinola & Jackman, 2002). b. Sanctions – the judiciary does not take too kindly to its erring m embers and imposes a variety of measures such as fines, suspensions, disbarment, and even imprisonment. c. Code of conduct – members of the judiciary have to be careful in their actions at all times, to uphold the integrity and independence of the judicial branch of government. Standards are contained in the judicial canons issued by the Supreme Court, to include such matters as the avoidance of any impropriety, or even just the mere appearance of impropriety, and to avoid any partisan political activity at all times, such as campaigning for a particular party or candidate. It is a co-equal branch and must exercise its independence always (Fox & Stephenson, 2011). 2. Why people commit crimes – there will always be deviants in any society. Why these people commit crimes despite the certainty of punishment made sociologists offer their theories. a. Anomie theory – this was introduced by eminent French sociologist Emile Durkheim, in his book The Division of Labor i n Society published back in 1893, which explains the modern phenomenon of deviance, resulting from feelings of inadequacy and ambiguity, coming from the industrialization of society, causing normlessness from loss of values and traditions (Franzese, 2009); anomie views criminals as victims of society, unable to cope, and not as mere deviants. b. Strain theory –

The role of tourism in the development of Nigeria

The role of tourism in the development of Nigeria In discussing this, earlier work conducted on similar research will be made will be made reference to. This include: a research carried out by (Oji-Chukuwka, 2013) entitled Economic development of Nigeria-The Role of Tourism. This study was carried out using structured questionnaire and based on the notion that the federal government has heavily depended on agriculture and crude oil as the main stay of the Nigerian economy. As such, the researcher decided to carry out a research to unravel how well or otherwise the Ebonyi State Tourism Board has contributed to the Nigerian economy through the promotion of its tourism-related activities. The following were the objectives of the study: 1. If the Nigerian tourism sector has met the objectives with which it was set up? 2. If Government’s interference in the activities of the Ebonyi State Tourism board affects its performance in the long-run 3. If Tourism has created equal job openings for all classes of people. In another study, carried out in 2006, Noà «lleOConnor examined how television induced tourism has influenced Ballykissangel’s Residential Community in the long run. Ballykissangel is the title of a BBC television drama that was shot in Ireland. It aired from 1996 to 2001 and had six episodes. OConnor, simply wanted to find out if and how the decision to shoot the series in the rural Irish suburb has affected the tourist inflow into the community. The purpose of the study, according to her, was to examine the influence of television induced tourism on asmall rural basedcommunityinIrelandandhowitcanactuallyinfluencetourist development to adestination. Specifically, the researcher sought to find out the role of the television series’ in developing an area for tourism related activities. The case study chosen therefore for this research was Avoca, a small village in County Wicklow, Ireland that was the setting for the filming ofthe BBCtelevision series Ballykissangel. The major data for the work were collected fromasystematic sample of residents of Avoca and through personal interviews. 2.4. Empirical Literature During the course of consulting other research works that are in line with my research, the different methodologies used proffered different findings and conclusions. These would be highlighted here as part of the empirical literature. The first study, (Oji, Chukwuka, 2013,) discovered that the lukewarm and inadequate funding of the Ebonyi State tourism board was the one of the banes confronting the development of tourism in the state. Also, findings of his study revealed that the government were the major beneficiaries of the tax revenues derived from civil servants, visitors’ expenditure and tourism attraction. On the other hand, OConnor, discovered that alarge number of tourists were attracted toAvoca as due to the fact that the then popular seriesBallykissangel was being shot in the locality. Today , tourism hasbecome Avoca’s most vitalindustry since the closure of its cooper mines. The residents have also realised that not only has this increased their earnings, it has attracted the international attention to the once quiet suburb. It has also created job opportunities for the locals whilst instilling a sense of pride for the natives of the community. With regards to the tourism promotion, this study revealed that Television is currently the most potent of all media used in promoting tourism activities. In view of this, more consideration should be given to television as a medium of advertising. This may be because Television combines motion, sound, and special visual effects. The product can be demonstrated and described on TV. It also offers wide geographic coverage and flexibility as to when the message can be presented (Arens, 1996). 2.5 .Other relevant literature 2.5 .1 The Nature of the Nigerian Tourism Industry Nigeria currently boasts of an array of beautiful landmarks, amazing water-bodies which include the beaches, rainforests in the southern part of the country ,monuments, sites and sound, down to the hustle and bustle which is prevalent in the cosmopolitan cities like Lagos, Abuja and Port-Harcourt. All these have become particularly conducive and attractive for holidaying. Besides the tourist attractions, the culture, norms, artefacts, food, language, mode of dressing which all differ from one part of Nigeria to the other, have all contributed in making the country extremely unique in many ways. On many occasions, international tourists are in awe of the unique selling points of Nigeria despite the attendant issues like corruption and high poverty index. However according to (Uche, 2003) many of these attractions are largely still untapped notwithstanding the fact that they are largely exploited. They are savoured by visitors either rich and in search of adventure, new terrains and exploits. One cannot help but mention some of these attractive tourist sites which Nigeria boasts of. They include the Yankari Games Reserve, Olumo Rock, Mabilla Plateau, Zuma Rock, Gashaka Games Reserve and of course the coastal beaches which are unique and enchanting. Tourism is relatively at an infancy stage in Nigeria. This is more so because of the running neglect of the abundant resources naturally endowed on the country rather than the lack of them. Nigeria’s rich cultural diversity and tourist attractions are inexhaustible. Apart from Cultural sites and reserves which serve as potential tourist attractions, African countries like Nigeria have abundant cultural festivals that are very rich in mythology and diversity which can also be harnessed to generate revenue as well as serve as a means of creating some feeling of shared love and brotherhood among the various ethnic groups in Nigeria. These festivals include the fishing and New Yam festivals celebrated in almost all the nooks and corners of the country at various seasons of the year. The uniqueness of Nigeria’s tourism potentials have been confirmed and recognized by UNESCO, which has singled out the Sukur Kingdom in Adamawa State as a world heritage site. Other unique sites also recognized include the Three Sisters’ Rock, Kamala Mountains, Obudu Cattle Ranch, Lokoja Confluence, Osun Oshogbo Shrine, Gurara Waterfalls, Ikogosi Warm water springs, Oguta Lake, Kwa Waterfalls, Bwasu Hot water spring, Mboi pond, ancient natural and man-made caves and a host of other sites. Many years after the advent of television in Nigeria as well as the proliferation of private television stations across the country very little has been done to promote the tourism sector, which is a neglected goldmine, (Da Silva, 1999). However, despite the rich number of tourist sites and attractions in Nigeria, there have been a lot of impediments to the growth of the sector. These impediments are numerous and include acute conditions of advanced fee fraud popularly called 419, underdevelopment and poverty as well as the growing level of insecurity-fuelled by the activities of the insurgent group, Boko Haram, which many potential Nigerian bound tourist’ many not like to be confronted with. A survey on tourist activities in different geographical areas of Africa shows that Nigeria is one of the least favourite destinations which by extension earn less income. However, in spite of the enormous tourism potentials in Nigeria, the investigation shows that tourisms contribution to economic development in Nigeria leaves much to be desired, (Ovat, 2003). Sensing the impediments to the growth of the tourism sector and realising the important role that tourism can play in the economic and national development of Nigeria, led to the establishment of the National Tourism Policy. (Da, Silva, 1999) says the national tourism policy prescribes various ways of promoting the development of tourism in Nigeria through the following ways: Increase the flow of foreign exchange through the promotion of international tourism Encourage even development of tourism based enterprises. Accelerate rural/urban integration Foster socio-cultural unity among the various groups in the country through the promotion of domestic tourism Promotion and encouragement of active private sector participation Preservation of our cultural heritage and historical monuments Massive and aggressive publicity campaign to facilitate the growth and development of tourism Simplify the issuance of visas to intending visitors. Re-orientation for all security agencies including customs and immigrations,( Da, Silva,1999) While all these promises are okay, revenue from tourism sector has not been encouraging. A careful study of tourism statistics and data reveals that Nigeria in particular is one of the least favourite destination in the world, this by extension results in a colossal loss of revenue with untold hardship and effect on Nigeria’s gross domestic products , (Uche, 2003). On the other hand strongly believes that the Nigerian coastal waters and beaches are dirty and therefore unattractive to tourist. The negative publicity launched by the international media against Nigeria has also affected the tourist traffic in the country with (Nnadozie, 2007) identifying some of the problems affecting tourism development in Nigeria as follows -Government’s nonchalant approach to the tourism industry -The scourge of political instability which encourages wastage and poor resource management -Lack of foresight on the part of the elite who control virtually every sector of the economy. -Inadequate enlightenment and improper coverage of the tourism sector by the mass-media. Nigeria also has key rivals in the tourism industry namely Ghana, The Gambia, South Africa, Egypt, Kenya, Morocco and Mauritania. These countries have a better and more developed tourism industries in terms of infrastructure, maintenance, security and enlightenment. Another impediment to the growth of tourism in Nigeria is the general belief and habit of excessively copying anything western, despite our rich cultural heritage and tourism potentials. It therefore becomes imperative therefore to blame our artists and media practitioners for failing to portray our rich cultural and tourism potentials to the outside world. They often love to portray the culture of the foreigner to the foreigner, they want to speak and dress like them. They want to belong to their kind of caucus, yet they are nothing near them. The end result however is that they have made themselves copy-cats, rather than portraying have their own culture, ( Adekeye, 2007). However in the words of (Nasco, 1986), in this day and age when no country including ours, can’t afford to solely depend on the fluctuating oil market as the primary source of revenue, tourism, my dear friends is indeed an alternative for the mobilization of the much needed foreign exchange and local revenue. The Nigerian Tourism Development Commission, NTDC, traces the advent of tourism in Nigeria back to 1472 with the first Portuguese mercantile mission-trade tourism. However, the first attempt at structuring Tourism in Nigeria came about in 1962 when a group of Nigerians with interest in and commitment to the promotion of tourism set up a body then known as Nigerian Tourism Association (NTA). Prior to the creation of the Department of Tourism in the former Federal Ministry of Trade and Tourism in January 1990, very little or no attention was paid to the development of the sector. However, following the approval for the establishment of the department, a federal bureau was also created to champion the promotion and development of tourism in Nigeria. In the last few years, the Nigerian government has put in a lot of effort aimed at reviving and improving the tourism sector. In an attempt to explore other aspects of the Nigerian economy, economy with an emphasis on the tourism sector, the federal government took some concrete steps at ensuring the development of the culture, travel and tourism industries. They comprised of inauguration of the Presidential Council on Tourism, Federal Ministry ofTourism and its Departments and Agencies with same at the States’ level and Local Tourism Committees which falls in line with the provisions of the National Tourism Policy (NTP) of2005, the Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation (NTDC) of 1992 and the Nigeria Tourism Development Master Plan of 2006. Back in January 2003, President Olusegun Obasanjo, approved the sum of $548 million as grant to the transport, culture and tourism ministries for tourism master plan projects Udeorah, (2004). Primarily, this amount was earmarked to develop transportation, infrastructure, tourist sites, mobilization and public enlightenment towards accelerated tourism development. It is however evident that there is need for the mass media albeit television, to complement government’s effort at tourism development and promotion. Nigeria, with its population and array of tourist attractions and sites is yet to tap into this goldmine as a result of the dearth of tourism programmes on TV stations. Today, the apathy towards tourism, confronts broadcast stations in the country despite the abundance of tourism contents which can be explored to any capacity. The urgency to nurture, promote and sustain the Nigerian tourism sector cannot be over emphasized and can therefore not be overlooked, (Udeorah, 2004) The Nigerian tourism sector is still at an infantile stage amidst the abundant natural human and natural resources. Also, the infrastructures currently in place at the tourist sites and locations in Nigeria are nothing to write home about and consequently not make Nigeria the envy of other nations in this regard. When compared to countries like The Gambia, South-Africa, France and Spain who already have advanced tourism industries, Nigeria does have a long way to go (Dantata, 2011). Speaking at the Nigerian Tourism Investors forum and exhibition in Abuja in May 2014, DirectorGeneral of the Nigerian Tourism Development Board, Sally Mbanefo, noted that tourism is Indeed a tool for national economic development. She said there are several international initiatives that have highlighted the potential of tourism to contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction, as well as to environmental protection, cultural preservation, and job creation .